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Jannuary, 2021

Authors: Nuno Crato

PISA 2018 was the largest large-scale international assessment to date. Its results confirm the improvements of some countries, the challenges other countries face, and the decline observed in a few others. This chapter reflects on the detailed analyses of ten countries policies, constraints, and evolutions. It highlights key factors, such as investment, curriculum, teaching, and student assessment. And it concludes by arguing that curriculum coherence, an emphasis on knowledge, student observable outcomes, assessment, and public transparency are key elements. These elements are crucial both for education success in general and for its reflection on PISA and other international assessments.

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